维基百科 Pupilla is a genus of minute air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Pupillidae. The genus Pupilla is known from the Oligocene to the Recent period.[2] Distribution[edit] This genus occurs in Europe, northern Africa and North America.[3] Species[edit] Pupilla has several subgenera.[citation needed] Species within the genus Pupilla include: subgenus Pupilla Pupilla bigranata (Rossm?ssler 1839)[3] Pupilla blandi E. S. Morse, 1865 - Rocky Mountain column Pupilla hebes (Ancey 1881) - crestless column Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)[3] - widespread column - type species Pupilla pratensis (Clessin, 1871)[3] Pupilla triplicata (Studer, 1820)[3] subgenus Gibbulinopsis subgenus ? Pupilla alpicola (Charpentier, 1837)[3] Pupilla annandalei Pilsbry[4] Pupilla calacharicus (Boettger, 1886) Pupilla ficulnea (Tate, 1894)[5] Pupilla fontana (Krauss, 1848) Pupilla khunjerabica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlavá? & Naggs, 2009[4] Pupilla loessica Lo?ek, 1954[6] Pupilla obliquicosta Smith, 1892 - extinct[7] Pupilla paraturcmenica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlavá? & Naggs, 2009[4] Pupilla pupula[8] Pupilla satparanica Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlavá? & Naggs, 2009[4] Pupilla signata (Mousson)[4] Pupilla sonorana (Sterki, 1899) - three-tooth column Pupilla sterrii (Forster & Voith, 1840)[3] Pupilla syngenes (Pilsbry, 1890) - top-heavy column Pupilla tetrodus (Boettger, 1870) Pupilla turcmenica (O. Boettger)[4] Pupilla ziaratana Pokryszko, Auffenberg, Hlavá? & Naggs, 2009[4]